FreeCol:Colopedia.concepts.education.description/en

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The most efficient way to educate your colonists is to build a <a href="http:///id/model.building.schoolhouse">schoolhouse</a> and assign an expert unit as a teacher. The teacher will then turn a <a href="http:///id/model.unit.freeColonist">free colonist</a> into an expert of the same type. Teachers are also able to upgrade <a href="http:///id/model.unit.pettyCriminal">petty criminals</a> to <a href="http:///id/model.unit.indenturedServant">indentured servants</a>, and indentured servants to free colonists.

Some skills can also be learned from the natives, by sending a free colonist or indentured servant to live in a native settlement for a turn. And some skills can also be learned by experience, by putting a free colonist to work a colony tile. Free colonists working in the fields and forests surrounding your colonies accumulate up to 200 points of experience, which amounts to a four percent chance of being upgraded.

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